We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Dining table cuatro Connection between dowry/bride speed (reduced by inside-legislation away from sisters, anybody else regarding the village and you may society) and you will wife’s status in the relationship house (OLS)
cuatro.step three Conversation and you can robustness monitors
In choosing this new ladies position from the relationship household, the outcome of your own internet dowry (dowry minus bride rates) can get count. Observe that the degree of deferred mehr is roofed by themselves out-of the web dowry while the former is not reduced except if divorce case happen and cannot qualify property brought to the marriage. The outcome advise that the assets lead to the ount) increase their choice-and also make electricity and flexibility. These types of self-confident associations commonly surprising while the new contacts of bride to be speed paid during relationships work at stop in order to the ones from dowry however estimations.
Maybe, a heightened many years or knowledge improvement might damage new wife’s position from the marital household. Also ages huge difference along with degree differences (replacement brand new husband’s age and you will knowledge) cannot impact the chief consequences, and the coefficients ones parameters aren’t tall (Appendix Desk nine, Panel B).
The fresh estimate processes try regular of the replacing dowry and you can fiance speed with websites dowry (Appendix Dining table nine, Panel An excellent)
One to might argue that what number of age given that relationship is actually important since the outcome regarding dowry (otherwise bride to be rate) could be higher after wedding. Also ages because ount of dowry (replacing woman’s age in the relationships) magnifies the base effectation of dowry within the women’s independence but decrease its magnitude additionally the relevance height in ladies decision-making (Appendix Desk nine, Panel C). Meaning you to definitely a bigger dowry escalates the wife’s independency within the this new marital household immediately after relationships; not, the brand new connection isn’t notably affected by this new passing of ages since relationship.
Zero measure of gender ideology is included however quote on account of endogeneity inquiries. You to definitely you will believe introduction of such steps get weaken the newest relationship ranging from dowry and you will ladies’ status regarding the marital household. Although we try not to reject the chance that choice and you may ideological values about the gender relationships aren’t built-in and change over the marital lifetime, the latest estimation techniques was frequent because of the as well as a couple of measures having son preference: the first varying translates to one if wife’s finest amount of sons was greater than that of daughters while the next equals one when the wife wants to provide higher education so site there you’re able to sons in place of to help you daughters. Controlling getting gender ideology does not dramatically impact the fundamental quote results (Appendix Table nine, Committee D). Interestingly, ladies’ decision making are surely in the child liking. However, it’s negatively in the taste to have getting advanced schooling to help you sons than daughters. A potential interpretation would be the fact highly knowledgeable female may be facing gender inequality inside the studies and be far more motivated about relationship home but choose having so much more sons than simply daughters. Which looks in keeping with some present knowledge proving you to definitely young buck liking is much more common among highly knowledgeable feminine in lieu of ignorant feminine during the South Asia (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you can Preston 1991).